Sv translation |
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Change to rootUpdate Code Block |
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apt-get -y update
apt-get -y upgrade |
Install Packages Code Block |
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apt-get -y install wget sudo vim unzip gzip rsync sysstat cifs-utils nmap tcpdump tmux virt-what chrony smbclient ufw curl net-tools nload fontconfig |
VIM detects the mouse, and copy pasting between two terminal windows is annoying because of this. Disable this as follows for root and jtel: Code Block |
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cat << EOFF >> ~/.vimrc
set mouse-=a
EOFF
cp ~/.vimrc /home/jtel
chown jtel:jtel /home/jtel/.vimrc |
The following command adds the jtel user to the sudo group: Code Block |
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adduser jtel sudo |
Sometimes the command will not work. Try adding "sudo" to the beginning: Code Block |
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sudo adduser jtel sudo |
Setup the FirewallUntil Debian 11.5First of all, stop ufw logging to the default syslog destination (/var/log/messages). Code Block |
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sed -i -e "s/^#\& stop/\& stop/" /etc/rsyslog.d/20-ufw.conf
systemctl restart rsyslog |
Debian 11.5 and later Info |
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From Debian 11.5 and later the base config under /etc/rsyslog.d/20-ufw.conf is correct and logs into /var/log/ufw.log . No additional settings must be made to the configuration file. |
The following commands enable the firewall and allow ssh. Code Block |
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ufw --force reset
ufw --force default deny incoming
ufw --force default allow outgoing
ufw allow ssh
ufw --force enable |
Setup chronyThe following commands install chrony and modify the basic chrony.conf file to remove usage of the default pool and any configured servers, and replace this with the 3 (very reliable) time servers from the German PTB. Code Block |
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# Replace all existing servers
sed -i -e "s/^server /# server /" /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
# Replace pool setting
sed -i -e "s/^pool /# pool /" /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
# Add PTB Servers
cat << EOFF >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
# Servers to use
server ptbtime1.ptb.de iburst
server ptbtime2.ptb.de iburst
server ptbtime3.ptb.de iburst
EOFF
# Disable timesyncd daemon
systemctl disable systemd-timesyncd
# Enable Chrony
systemctl enable chrony
# Stop (just in case it was started), then start and get status
systemctl stop chrony
systemctl start chrony |
Check chrony Code Block |
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systemctl status chrony
chronyc sources |
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...
Bash SettingsThe following script does the following: - Setup a warning when using git as root (on root
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- only)
- Allow for less on zipped files
Code Block |
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# root user
cat <<'EOFF' >> ~/.bashrc
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
alias git='printf "It looks like you are trying to run GIT as ROOT.\nFor jtel installations, GIT should always be run from the jtel user.\nIf you really want to run git as root, you will need to access it directly, using /usr/bin/git for example.\n"'
EOFF
source ~/.bashrc
# jtel user
cat <<'EOFF' >> /home/jtel/.bashrc
[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
EOFF |
Enable sarDebian 9 Code Block |
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# Enable stats
sed -i 's/ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/g' /etc/default/sysstat
systemctl enable sysstat
# Restart sysstat daemon
systemctl stop sysstat
systemctl start sysstat |
Debian 10+ Code Block |
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# Enable stats
sed -i 's/ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/g' /etc/default/sysstat
systemctl enable sysstat
# Restart sysstat daemon
systemctl stop sysstat
systemctl start sysstat |
Warning |
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| In early versions of Debian 11 Buster, a setting must be made in the configuration file /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer and the deamon/service must be reloaded. Otherwise, the daily cron jobs will run at the default value, which is <07..23:30> This problem has not been seen after Debian 11.4. Code Block |
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# Check if exists
less /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer
# Edit if exists
vi /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer
<OnCalendar=*-*-* 04..23:30>
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart anacron.timer
systemctl status anacron.timer
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Info |
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This only needs to be done on systems where anacron is installed. If the File in /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer does not exist, then there is no anacron and this step can be ignored. In that case, check the default values of cron.d under /etc/crontab |
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Detect the HypervisorVMWareThe tools are installed as follows: Code Block |
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apt-get -y install open-vm-tools |
Hyper-V The tools are installed as follows: Code Block |
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apt-get -y install hyperv-daemons |
KVM The tools are installed as follows: Code Block |
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apt-get -y install qemu-guest-agent |
Other Hypervisors Consult the manufacturer for further detals. RebootReboot to load the new kernel if one was downloaded and make sure the guest tools are running OK. Proxy ServerProxy ServerIf a proxy server is used, the following commands will configure the proxy server for root and the jtel user. The top 5 lines should be modified. Code Block |
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PROXY_USERNAME=
PROXY_PASSWORD=
PROXY_SERVER=proxy.example.de
PROXY_PORT=3128
PROXY_EXCEPTIONS=.example.de,.local,10.
if [ -n "$PROXY_USERNAME" ] && [ -n "$PROXY_PASSWORD" ]
then
PROXY="http://$USERNAME:$PASSWORD@$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT"
elif [ -n "$PROXY_USERNAME" ]
then
PROXY="http://$USERNAME@$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT"
else
PROXY="http://$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT"
fi
cat <<EOFF >> ~/.bashrc
export ALL_PROXY=$PROXY
export HTTP_PROXY=$PROXY
export HTTPS_PROXY=$PROXY
export FTP_PROXY=$PROXY
export RSYNC_PROXY=$PROXY
export http_proxy=$PROXY
export https_proxy=$PROXY
export ftp_proxy=$PROXY
export rsync_proxy=$PROXY
export NO_PROXY=$PROXY_EXCEPTIONS
EOFF
cat <<EOFF >> /home/jtel/.bashrc
export ALL_PROXY=$PROXY
export HTTP_PROXY=$PROXY
export HTTPS_PROXY=$PROXY
export FTP_PROXY=$PROXY
export RSYNC_PROXY=$PROXY
export http_proxy=$PROXY
export https_proxy=$PROXY
export ftp_proxy=$PROXY
export rsync_proxy=$PROXY
export NO_PROXY=$PROXY_EXCEPTIONS
EOFF
source ~/.bashrc |
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Sv translation |
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Changer à rootMise à jour Code Block |
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apt-get -y update apt-get -y upgrade |
Installer les paquets Code Block |
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apt-get -y install sudo vim unzip rsync sysstat cifs-utils nmap tcpdump tmux virt-what chrony smbclient ufw curl net-tools nload |
VIM détecte la souris, et le copier-coller entre deux fenêtres de terminal est gênant à cause de cela. Désactivez ceci comme suit pour root et jtel : Code Block |
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cat << EOFF >> ~/.vimrc set mouse-=a EOFF cp ~/.vimrc /home/jtel chown jtel:jtel /home/jtel/.vimrc |
La commande suivante ajoute l'utilisateur jtel au groupe sudo : Code Block |
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adduser jtel sudo |
Parfois, la commande ne fonctionne pas. Essayez d'ajouter "sudo" au début: Code Block |
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sudo adduser jtel sudo |
DebianTout d'abord, arrêtez la journalisation de l'ufw vers la destination syslog par défaut (/var/log/messages). Code Block |
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sed -i -e "s/^#\& stop/\& stop/" /etc/rsyslog.d/20-ufw.conf systemctl restart rsyslog |
Les commandes suivantes permettent d'activer le pare-feu et d'autoriser ssh. Code Block |
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ufw --force reset ufw --force default deny incoming ufw --force default allow outgoing ufw allow ssh ufw --force enable |
Les commandes suivantes installent chrony et modifient le fichier chrony.conf de base pour supprimer l'utilisation du pool par défaut et de tout serveur configuré, et le remplacer par les 3 serveurs de temps (très fiables) du PTB allemand. Code Block |
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# Remplacez tous les serveurs existants sed -i -e "s / ^ server / # server /" /etc/chrony/chrony.conf # Remplacez le paramètre de pool sed -i -e "s / ^ pool / # pool /" / etc / chrony / chrony.conf # Ajouter des serveurs PTB cat << EOFF >> /etc/chrony/chrony.conf # Serveurs pour utiliser le serveur ptbtime1.ptb.de serveur iburst ptbtime2.ptb.de serveur iburst ptbtime3.ptb.de iburst EOFF # Activer Chrony systemctl activer chrony # Stop (juste au cas où il aurait été démarré), puis démarrer et obtenir le statut systemctl stop chrony systemctl start chrony |
Vérifier chrony Code Block |
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systemctl status chrony chronyc sources |
Paramètres bash:Le script suivant effectue les opérations suivantes: - Configurer un avertissement lors de l'utilisation de git en tant que root (sur root uniquement)
- Autoriser moins sur les fichiers compressés
Code Block |
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# root user cat <<'EOFF' >> ~/.bashrc [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" |
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The following command makes it (intentionally) more difficult to use git as the root user.
Code Block |
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cat <<EOFF >> ~/.bashrc
alias git='printf "It looks like you are trying to run GIT as ROOT.\nFor jtel installations, GIT should always be run from the jtel user.\nIf you really want to run git as root, you will need to access it directly, using /usr/bin/git for example.\n" | '
EOFF
source ~/.bashrc' EOFF source ~/.bashrc # jtel user cat <<'EOFF' >> /home/jtel/.bashrc [ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)" EOFF |
Activer sarDebian 9 Code Block |
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# Enable stats sed -i 's/ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/g' /etc/default/sysstat # Restart sysstat daemon service sysstat restart |
Debian 10+ Code Block |
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# Enable stats sed -i 's/ENABLED="false"/ENABLED="true"/g' /etc/default/sysstat # Restart sysstat daemon systemctl restart sysstat |
Warning |
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title | Avertissement - Debian 11 |
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| Dans Debian 11 Buster, un réglage doit être effectué dans le fichier de configuration /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer et le deamon/service doit être rechargé. Sinon, les tâches cron quotidiennes seront exécutées à la valeur par défaut, qui est <07..23:30>. Code Block |
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vi /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer <OnCalendar=*-*-* 04..23:30> systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart anacron.timer systemctl status anacron.timer |
Info |
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Ceci ne doit être fait que sur les systèmes où anacron est installé. Si le fichier dans /lib/systemd/system/anacron.timer n'existe pas, alors il n'y a pas d'anacron et cette étape peut être ignorée. Dans ce cas, vérifiez les valeurs par défaut de cron.d dans le dossier /etc/cron.d |
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Détecter l'hyperviseurVMWareLes outils sont installés comme suit : Code Block |
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apt-get -y install open-vm-tools |
Hyper-V Les outils sont installés comme suit : Code Block |
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apt-get -y install hyperv-daemons |
KVM Les outils sont installés comme suit : Code Block |
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apt-get -y install qemu-guest-agent |
Autres hyperviseurs Consultez le fabricant pour plus de détails. RedémarrerRedémarrez pour charger le nouveau noyau si un a été téléchargé et assurez-vous que les outils invités fonctionnent correctement. Serveur proxyServeur proxySi un serveur proxy est utilisé, les commandes suivantes configureront le serveur proxy pour root et l'utilisateur jtel. Les 5 premières lignes doivent être modifiées. Code Block |
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PROXY_USERNAME= PROXY_PASSWORD= PROXY_SERVER=proxy.example.de PROXY_PORT=3128 PROXY_EXCEPTIONS=.example.de,.local,10. if [ -n "$PROXY_USERNAME" ] && [ -n "$PROXY_PASSWORD" ] then PROXY="http://$USERNAME:$PASSWORD@$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT" elif [ -n "$PROXY_USERNAME" ] then PROXY="http://$USERNAME@$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT" else PROXY="http://$PROXY_SERVER:$PROXY_PORT" fi cat <<EOFF >> ~/.bashrc export ALL_PROXY=$PROXY export HTTP_PROXY=$PROXY export HTTPS_PROXY=$PROXY export FTP_PROXY=$PROXY export RSYNC_PROXY=$PROXY export http_proxy=$PROXY export https_proxy=$PROXY export ftp_proxy=$PROXY export rsync_proxy=$PROXY export NO_PROXY=$PROXY_EXCEPTIONS EOFF cat <<EOFF >> /home/jtel/.bashrc export ALL_PROXY=$PROXY export HTTP_PROXY=$PROXY export HTTPS_PROXY=$PROXY export FTP_PROXY=$PROXY export RSYNC_PROXY=$PROXY export http_proxy=$PROXY export https_proxy=$PROXY export ftp_proxy=$PROXY export rsync_proxy=$PROXY export NO_PROXY=$PROXY_EXCEPTIONS EOFF source ~/.bashrc |
C |